English Grammar and Writing Skills for Marathi students

Parts Of Speech:-शब्दाच्या जाती वाक्य हे शब्दांनी बनेलेले असते. त्या शब्दाच्या एकुण आठ जाती आहेत. 1) Noun 2) Pronoun 3) Verb 4) Adjective 5) Adverb 6) Preposition 7) Conjunction 8) Interjection  1.NOUN (नाम ): व्यक्ती, वस्तु व ठीकाणाला दिलेले नाव म्हणजे नाम होय.                                                                                             (A name of person, place and thing is noun).  EXAMPLE: Krishna, teacher, book, room, river, rose, lion, village, Palghar, apple, hen, courage, freedom, education, management, happiness, length, womanhood, man, peace, Marathi, Physics, Economics, Commerce, temple, hand, tree, Maharashtra, India, Asia, Stadium. etc.  A: Functions of Noun(नामाची कार्ये) 1) As a subject/doe...

First step in making a summary of a given passage is to understand the original extract clearly. There are certain principles to bear in mind while writing a summary; selection, order,conciseness,clearness,smoothness and unity.  1 Selection :  It mainly lies in separating the essential from what is superfluous. During each reading, one can go on marking the salient points of the given passage then they can be afterwards paraphrased in one’s own words.  2 Order:  A summary must also possess order. It must present a clear unbroken sequence of ideas. Do not change the order of events or reasoning in the original passage.  3 Conciseness: It is the chief quality of a summary, in fact its very soul. Avoid using a clause where a phrase would suffice; or aphrase where one word would be enough.  4 Clearness:  One must avoid all vague expressions and phrases and be very careful about missing the essential points. Failure to be clear means that you ...

इयत्ता ११ व १२ English -( MHSC  - BOARD ) च्या प्रश्नपत्रिकेत Section - C (Rapid Reading and Composition) या विभागामध्ये साधारणता चार प्रकारचे प्रश्न विचारले जातात. ते पुढीलप्रमाणे  1 . Imagine that you are "--------"Or Rewrite the extract as if "----" are narrating it. त्या कहाणीतील पात्राच्या ...

Rewrite as Directed  1.He said, "I am a Sanskrit teacher."(Rewrite into indirect speech) He said that he is a Sanskrit teacher.  2. He handed everyone a packets of sweets.(Begin with 'Everyone...) Everyone was handed a packets of sweets (by him). 3.King Krishnadeva Raya would perform heavy exercises every morning.( Use - used to) King Krishnadeva Raya used to perform heavy exercises every morning. 4. When the king came to know of this, he was furious. (Use- No sooner---than) No sooner did the king come to know of this than he was furious.  5. In some states of the country the percentage has dropped by a sharp 80%. (Identify the voice - Active or Passive) Active Voice  6.I have seen many birds nestling on cell-phone towers.( Identify the tense ) Present Perfect Tense.  7.The leopard was found in the basement of the school by a staff member on Saturday.(Begin with --'On Saturday a staff member.....) A staff member found the leopard in the basement of the scho...

Rewrite in the ways instructed . 1 We can accept our life gracefully.(Rewrite it using the modal auxiliary showing compulsion )  2.Chaitanya offered to buy the tickets for us.(Rewrite it using 'ing' form of the word underlined )  3. Why do normal people feel that they are 'full' and others like Chaitanya are half or incomplete?(Change it into an assertive sentence )  4. ____my friend is __ able translator and ____ impartial editor.(Rewrite it using appropriate articles )  5. I was ____my regular walk through the forest ____9 a.m.(Fill in the blanks with proper preposition )  6. I whispered to him hesitantly, "Could you stay here for a day ?" Gandhiji said."It is very difficult ."(Change it into indirect speech.)  7. You could pay eight times the going rate for a 'lightening call'.(Rewrite it using modal auxiliary showing compulsion.)  8. I spent my high school years in Calcutta.(Rewrite it using past perfect tense ,)  9. Telephones w...

Chapter 1.            A Transitive Verb has two voices---(1) the Active, (2) the Passive. 2. Compare the following :-- 1). The king killed the lion. 2). The lion was killed by the king. * You will see that both the sentences mean the same thing.But in the first sentence, the Subject(the king) is the doer of the action(killed). In the second sentence, the Subject(the lion) is the sufferer or receiver of the action(was killed). * A Verb is said to be in the Active Voice when the person or thing denoted by the Subject acts or is active.  [So,the verb killed is Active.] * A Verb is said to be in the Passive Voice when the person or thing denoted by the Subject does not act,but suffers the action done by something or by someone.[So,the Verb was killed is Passive.] 3. An Intransitive Verb is not used in the Passive Voice,unless it takes a Cognate Object intheActive;as,>) Active. He has fought a good fight.>) Passive. A g...

Changing an exclamatory sentence into an assertive sentence and vice versa . Exclamatory: What a beautiful flower!Assertive: It is a beautiful flower. Exclamatory: What a great victory!Assertive: It is a great victory. Exclamatory: How kind of you to help him like that! Assertive: It is very kind of you to help him likethat. Exclamatory: What a glorious morning!Assertive: It is indeed a glorious morning. *Transformation of an assertive sentence into an exclamatory sentence Assertive: He is truly noble. Exclamatory: How noble he is! Assertive: This is indeed a pleasant surprise. Exclamatory: What a pleasant surprise this is! Assertive: It was an extremely delightful party. Exclamatory: What a delightful party it was! Assertive: I wish I were young again. Exclamatory: O that I were young again! *Changing an interrogative sentence into an assertive sentence and vice versa        An assertive sentence can be changed into aninterrogative s...

*प्रास्तविक:-या प्रकारच्या प्रश्नात एखाद्या खेळाडूची, कलाकाराची, व्यावसायिकाची किंवा एखाद्या सुप्रसिद्ध व्यक्तीची मुलाखत घेण्याकरता 8 ते 10 प्रश्न तयार करायचे असतात. या प्रश्नांचा उपयोग विद्यार्थ्यांना संवाद लेखनात किंवा मुलाखतीच्या प्रश्नातसुद्धा करून घेता येईल. 1}Q. You have been asked to interview an old man or old woman living near your house. Write 8 to 10 questions that you would ask him or her. (POINTS:- retirement ,health , children & grandchildren , sources of income and daily routine , loneliness , living with children , visiting the family, memories.) Ans- 1.When did you retire? 2. How is your health these days? 3. How many children do you have? 4. Do you have any grandchildren? 5. What are your sources of income?6.How do you spend your time during the day? 7. What do you do if you are alone? 8. Don't your children ever ask you to go and stay with them? 9. Do you ever visit your family members or do they visit you? 10. Which is your most cherished memor...

FORMATION  OF SENTENCES ASSERTIVEBYSMART LEARNING WAY CONTENTS Introduction DefinitionExample Assertive  pronouns Introduction• Assertive is an adjective in English. The word describes the state of a person who is inclined or tends to assert himself boldly or confidently. An assertive person is self-assured and confident. He may aggressively place his point of view before someone. Other synonyms associated with the word 'Assertive' are: aggressive, emphatic, forceful, self-confident, self-assured, firm, forward, pushy, insistent, persistent, unrelenting, resolute and persevering.Assertively is the adverb form of the word assertive and assertiveness is its noun form.understand his plan and its utility. • A group of words that makes complete sense is called asentence. Example:color blue favorite is My.  (makes no sense, therefore it is not a sentence) My favorite color is blue.  (makes complete sense, therefore it is a sentence)• There are four kinds...

Make it interrogative sentence/Rhetorical question/verbal question/yes-no type ques.tions* 1.We Can never by him.Some of the best selling Shilajit brands in India are 2.Wisdom is much better than riches. 3.It matters little weather we win or lose.4.That'so good for the consumer. 5.there is no limit to the improvement we can make in our action or speech. 6.you should test the teaching yourself. 7.I need not be scared of you at any time.8.he put his clothes in cupboard. 9.she can buy a new home. 10.swaraj might not be live in asphalt.11.some people have no idea of the time.12.India's glory can never fade. 13.I go to college every day. 14.she is cooking delicious food now.15.Anybody can come to aagarwadi college.  16. No one can deny that juhi is beautiful. 17.India's glory can neither fade. 18. there is nothing nobler than to love. 19. It is extremely foolish to west time to enjoy sports. 20. we were sent in to the words church to visit. 21. No one will forget o...

HSC February 2013* 1) I want to tell you three stories. (Add question tag) 2) I didn't have adorm room. (Rewrite u*sing past perfect tense) 3) I loved it. (Rewrite beginning with 'it')  4) the best way to learn musical instrument is to find enthusiastic teacher. (Insert the appropriate articles wherever necessary)  5) he wanted to look ___ the beautiful girl ___ the platform. (Prepositions)  6) “what do you want?" He said to her. “give me a glass of water", said she. (Indirect speech)  7) But nobody had responded. (Affirmative sentence)  8) Carterbeheld _an astonishing sight_. (From wh - question to get the underlined part as an answer) 9) He canvassed for support in the streets and in restaurants. (Rewrite using 'not only-but also')  10) I was amazed. (Exclamatory sentence)  11) Sunlight would pour in through the window -to light- a freshday. (Use gerund form of the underlined words)  12) This was the cry that would wake me from my sl...

-An  imperative sentence in the passive voice has the following form: Let + object + be + past participle. *Active: Carry it home. *Passive: Let it be carried home. *.Active: Do it at once. *.Passive: Let it be done at once. *.Active: Open the door. *.Passive: Let the door be opened. *.Active: Throw the ball. *.Passive: Let the ball be thrown.        *When the active voice is in the negative, the passive voice takes the form: Let + object + not + be + past participle. *.Active: Do not beat the dog. *.Passive: Let the dog not be beaten.   *Note thatdois not used in the passiveform.We can begin the passive sentence withyouif we want to put emphasis on the person addressed to.Compare: *.Active: Help me. *.Passive: Let me be helped. *.Passive: You are requested to help me. *.Active: Learn the poem. *.Passive: Let the poem be learned. *.Passive: You are asked to learn the poem. *.Active: Don...

* Active voice <-> passive voice *       Voice चे प्रकार खालील प्रमाणे                         Voice               |------------'------------------|      Active voice             passive voice ● Read the following sentences carefully• a•They advised the king to regulate his diet.  2• The king was advised by them to  regulate his diet . • पहिल्या वाक्यात कर्ता क्रियापदा...

Use - Not only......but also* 1). Not only......but also हे co- ordinathing conjunction (समन्वयी अवयव)अाहे. २). समान दर्जा किवा समान महत्वाची दोन वाक्य जोडण्याकरीता not only......but also चा वापर करतात. ३). जर वाक्यात  or, too, just, then, also, as well as, as well, but only, both etc.शब्द काढुन दोन वाक्यातील समान भा...

Sentence can be classified into five categories according to the meaning or functions. They are:- Assertive Sentence. Interrogative Sentence Imperative Sentence Optative Sentence. Exclamatory Sentence. Assertive Sentence: An assertive sentence is a simple statement or assertion, either affirmative or negative. Pattern: Subject + verb + Object/complement/adverb Example: -English is an International Language. (Affirmative) -We do not do bad things. (Negative) -Everybody should know English. (Modal auxiliaries) Interrogative Sentence: Interrogative sentence is a sentence that ask question to replay about some person or things and ends with a question mark (?). There are two ways to form an interrogative sentence. I. Begins with helping verbs (am, is, are, was, were, have, had) or modal auxiliaries (shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might etc.). Example: - Do you have your assignment ready? - Does he sp...

 Use- as well as 1. समान दर्जाची किंवा समान महत्वाची दोन वाक्ये जोडण्याकरता as well as चा वापर करतात. 2. वाक्यात or, too, just then, as, as well, also,not only, but also, but,only, both, often आल्यास काढून दोन वाक्यातील समान भाग एकदाच लिहिणे. Rule.-1 वाक्यात जर दोन विशेषण as well as ने जोडावे म्हणजे and च्या जागी as well as वापरावे.  1. There was once a small and sleepy village. - There was once a small as well as sleepy village. 2. He must be more powerful and ferocious  than me. - He must be more powerful as well as ferocious than me. Rule-2 1. दिलेल्या दोन समान कर्त्याच्या वाक्यात दोन भिन्न विशेष नामे आल्यास आणि क्रियापदे समान असल्यास दुसरे विशेष नाम as well as ने  जोडून दोन समान क्रियापदापैकी एकच क्रियापद घेणे. 1. I like Pepsi. I like coke. - I like Pepsi as well as coke. 2. Sunil eats mango. He also eats an apple. -  S unil eats mango as well as an apple. Rule -3 1.दिलेल्या वाक्यात एकच कर्ता किवा समान कर्ते आल्यास परंतु दोन भि...

Parts of Speech In a sentence words are divided into different classes or kinds because of their functions and usage. And it is described by the term of parts of speech. Parts of speech help to understand the uses or functions words and how different words can make a meaningful sentence. There are  Eight types  of parts of speech. Noun  Pronoun Verb Adverb Adjective Preposition Conjunction Interjection Noun:  Name of anything like person, animal, place, thing, abstract, idea, action, state or quality is called Noun. Example:   Maria, Girl, Dhaka, Book, Teacher, Water, Honesty, Happiness, Family, Sleep, Death etc. In Sentence: (Bold words are noun) -A boy is coming towards us. -Sarah is a pretty girl. -The sun shines in daytime. -Education removes darkness. -Poverty is curse. Function of Noun:  Noun plays the role in a sentence as subject of a verb or object of a verb or both subject and object of a verb. Class...