Summary Writing

 

Q. 2.B) Summary Writing (सारांश लेखन)

    विद्यार्थी मित्रानो, इयत्ता ११ वी व १२ वी साठी इंग्रजी विषयात शैक्षणिक वर्ष २०२०-२१ पासून अभ्यासक्रम व प्रश्नपत्रिकेचे स्वरूप बदलेले आहे. त्यानुसार आपल्याला Q 2.  A)  Unseen Passage B) Summary Writing C) Mind Mapping चा प्रश्न हा बोर्डाच्या प्रश्नपत्रिकेत एकूण 18 गुणांसाठी Compulsory विचारला जातो.

या प्रश्नांपैकी आपण Summary Writing चा प्रश्न आपण पाहूया:

Steps for Perfect Summary Writing:-

खालील मार्गदर्शक तत्त्वे विद्यार्थ्यांना मदत करतील -

१) Q. 2 A) च्या Paragraph चा passage चांगला वाचून Summary Writing करावी.

२) आपल्या स्वतःच्या शब्दात शक्य तितक सारांश-लेखन करणे सारांश लेखन हे लेखनाचे महत्त्वाचे आणि उपयुक्त कौशल्य आहे. उतारा अतिशय काळजीपूर्वक आणि समजून घेऊन वाचा. 

२) नेमके काय Summarize करायचे आहे ते वाक्य Point नुसार निश्चित करून ते अधोरेखित करून घ्या.

३) Summary Writing हे संक्षिप्त लेखनाप्रमाणे सारांशासाठी शब्दांची मर्यादा नाही. 

ते सुमारे एक तृतीयांश किंवा त्याहून अधिक किंवा कधीकधी एक चतुर्थांश देखील असू शकते.

४) जर तुम्हाला पहिल्या वाचनात स्पष्टपणे समजत नसेल तर ते पुन्हा वाचा आणि महत्त्वाच्या कल्पना अधोरेखित करा.

५) Summary Writing तयार करताना फक्त महत्त्वाच्या कल्पना तुमच्या स्वतःच्या सोप्या भाषेत लिहा. 

६) सर्व महत्त्वाच्या कल्पनांचा/ घटनांचा उल्लेख क्रमात करावा.

७) Summary Writing मध्ये Title हे खूप आवश्यक असते.

८) Summary Writing फक्त एकाच Paragraph मध्ये लिहावी.

९) Indirect Speech चा वापर करून म्हणजे Third Person Narration मध्ये सारांश-लेखन करावे.

१०) सारांशात उदाहरणे, विशेषण, म्हणी आणि थेट भाषण, स्व मत देणे टाळा. 

११) वाक्ये व्याकरणदृष्ट्या बरोबर असावीत.

१२) Summary Writing मध्ये शब्दांचे, वाक्यांचे Repetition टाळावे.

१३) दोन वाक्य जोडण्यासाठी Linkers चा वापर करा. 

१४) Summary Writing करताना Exclamatory, Imperative व Interrogative sentence ह्या वाक्यांचे विधानार्थी वाक्य बनवावे.

१५) सारांश लेखन करताना अडचणी येत असल्यास दिलेल्या मुद्द्यांच्या ओळी उतारयातून करून सारांश लेखन पूर्ण करणे, आणि नक्की कोणत्या मुख्य विषयावर उतारा आहे हे समजून घेऊन शीर्षक (TITLE) लिहिणे.

Linker Words - Further / furthermore, and, but, yet, so, also, besides, therefore, eventually, whereas, since, or, while, thus, Next, last, finally

विद्यार्थी मित्रहो, ह्यासाठी खालील प्रश्न आणि सारांश लेखन कसे करतात ते समजून घ्या.

Q2. Read the extract and complete the activities given below: (HSC SEPT/OCT-2021)

A child spends a major portion of his life in taking formal education. School and related factors (e.g. teachers, peer group, etc.) play a major role in the child's school adjustments. Through his interaction with people in school, he learns how to behave with peers and adults other than family members. He acquires values, goals, aspirations and socially approved ways of behaviour. He gets a good exposure to a new set of adult models. His formal education in school shapes him into a mature, responsible and competent member of society.           A child's experiences in school give him lessons in team spirit, cooperation, healthy competition, goal setting and goal attainment. A child's school adjustments depend largely upon teachers' values, principles and attitudes. Family background of peers, their habits also are important. Extra-curricular activities in school, a child's participation in them, the reinforcement and punishment he gets, influence his school adjustments.            During early school years, children's adjustment problems are related to being regular and punctual, doing homework and following discipline. Later on, children are concerned about maintaining social relations. During adolescence, the issue is how to develop and maintain social relationship with members. Adolescents are also anxious about obtaining good grades in examinations and choosing an appropriate career. School adjustments have far-reaching effects on children's success in life.           Peer groups range from neighbourhood play gangs and informal play groups to organized groups such as study circles. A peer group has its own group structure and expectations from its members. Non-fulfilment of these expectations causes the members to face rejection from the peers.             Children are under the influence of peers. A child's attitude, habits and behaviour are largely influenced by his interactions with peers.

(B) Write a summary of the above extract with a suitable title. Take help of the given points/hints.

[Child's interaction with people in school - his experiences in school - adjustment problems - peer group influence]

Ans: Q. 2 B) Summary Writing:-

 

Importance of School education

     School helps a child to do the adjustment. He learns how to behave with peers and adults other than family members. He learns good things and becomes a mature, responsible and competent member of society. In school a child knows about team spirit, cooperation, healthy competition, goal setting and goal attainment. A child’s school adjustments depend mostly on teachers, peers, extra-curricular activities and punishments. During early school years, children's adjustment problems are related to his work in school and following discipline. During adolescence, the issue is relationship with opposite sex members. Children are also anxious about good grades in examinations and choosing a suitable career. Peers pay an influential role here.